Acute myelogenous leukemia AML

Auer rods
  • History / PE:
    Lymphadenopathy
    Splenomegaly
    Thrombocytopenia (petecthiae, purpura, bleeding)
  • Diagnosis:
    Myeloblasts on peripheral smear
    Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive material
    Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) positive (expressed on pre B and pre T lymphoblasts)
  • Treatment:
    Chemotherapy
    Blood transfusions
  • Complications:
    Tumor lysis syndrome
  • Notes:
    AML type M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
    Auer rods present
    Good prognosis, responsive to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)
    **Associated with DIC**

    AML type M5 (acute monocytic leukemia)
    Monoblasts lack Auer rods
    HAs, fever, weight loss
    Gingival hyperplasia and occasional skin lesions
    Positive alpha-naphthyl esterase positive test

    Poor prognosis
    CD 34+ or MDR1+
    Elevated LDH
    FLT3 gene mutation
    AML type M7 (acute megakaryocytic variant)
  • Differential Diagnosis:
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (lymphoblasts)



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July 29th 2010