Vesicoureteral reflux VUR

• Facts:
  Retrograde flow of urine from bladder to the ureters and kidneys
• Diagnosis:
  Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
  Radionuclide cystogram (RNC)
• Treatment:
  Daily prophylactic ABx until reflux resolves
  Surgery (high grade reflux)
• Complications:
  Renal scarring
  Reflux nephropathy
• Notes:
  Mild reflux (grades I-II)
  No ureteral or renal pelvic dilation; often resolves spontaneously
  
  Moderate to severe reflux (grades III-V)
  Ureteral dilation with associated caliceal blunting in severe cases
• Associated With:
  Recurrent UTIs