Gitelman's syndrome

• Facts:
  Defect in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidneys
  
  Kidneys fail to reabsorb sodium, magnesium, chloride, and potassium, causing them to be excreted into the urine
• History / PE:
  Polydipsia, polyuria
  Growth abnormalities
• Diagnosis:
  Normotensive, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis (classic)
  Urine chloride concentration > 20 mEq/L
• Differential Diagnosis:
  Hypokalemic, alkalotic, NORMOtensive disorders
  1) Surreptitious vomiting (low urine chloride)
  2) Diuretic abuse
  3) Bartter's syndrome (inherited defect in TALH, increased urine chloride)