Mitral stenosis

• Facts:
  MCC is untreated S. pyogenes ( rheumatic fever ) in childhood
  Can be exacerbated during pregnancy (increased blood flow)
  Usually presents in third to fifth decade of life
  
• History / PE:
  Late-diastolic blowing murmur (at apex)
  Opening snap, loud S1
  Dyspnea, pulmonary edema
  
• Diagnosis:
  Enlarged left atrium leads to elevation of the main stem bronchus
  Atrial fibrillation (EKG tracing)
• Treatment:
  Mitral valve surgery
• See Also:
  Cardiac murmurs